References: Confused about Carbohydrates?

  1. Bravata DM et al (2003) Efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate diets: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association 289: 1837-1850.
  2. Department of Health (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. London: HMSO. (Report on Health and Social Subjects; No. 41).
  3. Diabetes UK: public information http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Guide-to-diabetes/Guide_to_Diabetes_Archived_pages/Non-diabetic_hypoglycaemia/ Accessed December 2007.
  4. FAO/WHO (1998). Carbohydrate in Human Nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 66. Rome: FAO.
    Food Standards Agency guidance on starchy foods and a healthy diet : www.eatwell.gov.uk/healthydiet/nutritionessentials/starchfoods/ http://www.eatwell.gov.uk/healthydiet/eatwellplate/ Accessed December 2007.
  5. Harper A and Astrup A (2004) Can we advise our obese patients to follow the Atkins Diet? Obesity Reviews 5:93-4
    Hendersen, L Gregory J Irving K (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults aged 19-64 years. Volume 2. London. The Stationery Office.
  6. Jenkins DJA et al (2002) Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76(suppl) 266S-273S
  7. Steffen LM et al (2003) Associations of whole-grain, refined-grain and fruit and vegetable consumption with risks of all-cause mortality and incident coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 78: 383-390
  8. Thomas B & Bishop J (eds) and The British Dietetic Association (2007). Manual of Dietetic Practice. Fourth Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Chapters 2.4 Dietary Carbohydrate 2.5 Fibre and 3.13 Sports Nutrition.
  9. Venn BJ and Mann JL (2004) Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes. European Journal Clinical Nutrition 58: 1443-1461
    World Health Organisation. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation, Geneva: WHO, 2003. (WHOTechnical Report Series; No. 916). www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/download/en/index.html

Supporting evidence

Professional consensus and clear research evidence base in most areas. More robust research is needed in areas relating to low carbohydrate diets and GI in weight control.